حرفة علمی (دانشگاهی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی سازمان سنجش آموزش کشور

2 استاد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

آموزش عالی با توجه به ویژگی‌هایی مانند گستردگی اهداف؛ عدم وجود مکانیسم‌های اعمال فشار و کنترل از بالا، اثر قوی بر تعیین اهداف سایر حرفه‌های علمی، مدیریت و هدایت مؤسسات شناخته می‌شود. برخی معتقدند که مفهوم مفرد حرفه دانشگاهی (علمی) ممکن است یک تصور غلط باشد و حرفه آکادمیک به سختی می‌تواند با تنش‌های زندگی دست و پنجه نرم کند، و از این رو در معرض خطر است؛ در مقابل بعضی بر پویایی آن تأکید می‎کنند. بحث‎ها در خصوص حرفة علمی به صورت روشن با توده‌ای شدن آموزش عالی و گرایش به جامعه "یادگیرندة مادام‌العمر" یا جامعة اطلاعاتی گره خورده است. تغییر ماهیت و نقش دانش در جامعه به نظر می‌رسد که با تغییر در آموزش عالی (و تعامل با جامعه) و حرفة علمی همراه بوده است. بحث‎های بسیاری در خصوص ماهیت حرفة دانشگاهی مطرح است و در دو دهة گذشته با تغییر نگاه به علم و فنّاوری، حرفة علمی نیز دچار تحول شده است. در مقاله‎ای که پیش رو دارید، ضمن مرور شکل‎گیری حرفة دانشگاهی، بحران‎ها و چالش‎های پیش رو مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Academic profession

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jurgen Endres
  • Gholamreza Yadegarzadeh 1
  • Koroush Fathi Vajargah 2
چکیده [English]

Higher education can be characterized by a relatively open set of multiple goals; by loose mechanisms of coercion, control and steering from above by a high degree of fragmentation; and by a strong influence of the principal workers—the academic professionals—on the determination of goals, the management and administration of institutions, and the daily routines of work. Some have argued that the concept of a single academic profession might be an illusion, and that the academic profession can hardly cope with the tensions it has to live with, and that the academic profession is endangered. The concern about the academic profession is obviously entangled with the massification of higher education and the long-standing secular trend towards a “knowledge” society, a society of “lifelong learning”, or an “information” society. Whatever the short-hand title might be, the changing nature and role of knowledge in society seem to be accompanied by changes in higher education (and its interrelationship with society) which are a mixed blessing to the academic profession. There have been raised many discussions on the nature of the academic profession in the past two decades. With the change of attitude to science and technology, scientific profession has changed. In this paper, we review the academic formation of a professional crisis the challenges ahead are analyzed

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Professional academic
  • Higher Education
  • Faculty Higher education development
  • Professional universities
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